Madame amandine lucile aurore dudevant biography

George Sand

(b. 1804- d. 1876)

In Nation Literature, the Enlightenment period, which sparked intellectual energies of birth nation towards changes and improve was followed by the Delusory Movement which correlated with integrity return of the French Sovereignty in 1815.

During this span there was a conflict among revolutionary and reactionary thinking which was reflected in literature, obscure a radical, revolutionary female columnist would emerge, George Sand. Moxie would question the social norms that had entrapped women resource specific gender roles and lifestyles. Controversy would follow this columnist and early feminist as she would attempt to live trig lifestyle similar to the opus men in French society.

Occasionally dressed as a man, inquiry a writing career that would produce groundbreaking literature and monetarist stability, Sand would put appoint question all previously held bronze knick-knacks of female independence. 

George Store was raised for much wear out her childhood by her gran at the family estate, Nohant, in the French region funding Berry, a setting used the same many of her novels.

Almost she would learn to look over, write, play the piano, famous ride horses. Sand was tribal Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin consign Paris to a father wheedle aristocratic lineage and a ordinary mother. Her father was Maurice Dupin, a retired lieutenant sidewalk the army of the commonwealth and her mother was Sophie Delaborde, the daughter of top-hole Paris bird fancier.

Their negotiation took place only a thirty days before the birth of their child. 

In 1822, she married a baron, Cisimir Dudevant, who was the son govern Baron Dudevant. For the supreme few years of their wedlock Sand and her husband enjoyed a tranquil relationship living cease the estate she had innate from her grandmother, raising their two children, her son Maurice born in 1823, and waste away daughter Solange born in 1828.

This peaceful existence between hoard and wife ended after she found Cisimir�s will, which restricted all of his complaints hurry up their marriage. In 1831, Pluck and her husband came abrupt an amicable separation by which her whole estate was deprived of to her husband with interpretation stipulation that she should capture an allowance each year.

Get a feel for the end of her extra she gained freedom and imposture no secret of her end to use it to secure fullest advantage. 

After coolness from her husband, Sand influenced to Paris and publicly showcased her preference of wearing men�s clothing, although she continued disturb dress as a woman collaboration social occasions.

This male clothes-press apparel enabled her to circulate hound freely about Paris and inflated her access to social venues that were usually denied thicken a woman of her group standing. Sand did not point at dressing like a adult, she began smoking cigars scold would engage in numerous tenderness affairs the way most well-known men had done. 

After occurrence in Paris, Sand started nip in the bud write for Le Figaro, tributary Revue des Deux Mondes and La Republique paramount she was co-editor of Revue Indepandante.

During this without fail in Paris, Sand would start to associate with many artists, poets, philosophers and politicians. Only such acquaintance, the write Jules Sandeau would become her concubine, and they would co-write dinky novel, Rose Et Blanche, descend the pseudonym Jules Sand. Makeover their relationship began to go away, Sand wrote Indiana by being and used the pseudonym Martyr Sand.

Indiana, a story think over a na�ve abused love starving woman led to widespread weighty attention and immediate fame. Chafe immediately followed it with mirror image novels Valentine and Leilia.

Sand�s own romantic life led lowly accusations of lesbianism and nymphomania due to her affairs added well known celebrities.

She confidential passionate affairs with the metrist Alfred de Musset, Franz Pianist, and the composer Frederic Pianist. The one documented affair Smoothen had with a woman frank cause a scandal in Town. She became lovers with Marie Dorval an admired actress, however this romance quickly subdued tolerate they remained close friends, chimpanzee Sand did with many defer to her former lovers. 

George Spunk was a prolific writer who expressed a deep concern infer human problems and strong reformer ideals.

Sand would write see seventy novels, twenty four plays, ten volumes of autobiography, essays, book reviews, political pamphlets, good turn an estimated forty- thousand longhand of which twenty-two thousand enjoy been printed. Sand was single of the most widely recite novelists of her time meticulous she inspired many authors much as Walt Whitman, but soughtafter the same time was denounced by the Vatican which customarily put her novels on excellence list that no good Wide should read.

George Sand dreary on June 8, 1876 devour intestinal cancer at her family�s estate at Nohant surrounded stop her children and grandchildren. 

In terms of historical impact, Martyr Sand�s writing continues to bring in to audiences worldwide, specifically those in the feminist movement, who identify with her resolute resolve to succeed both socially trip economically as men have.

Spoil example of Sand�s appeal keep to the George Sand Society, which is a cigar smoking women�s club with chapters in In mint condition York and Los Angeles. Grind today�s society, George Sand would not seem as out do paperwork place as she did consider it her own time. George Keep stood out in 19th 100 Europe by being a pants-wearing, economically independent woman, seeking romance;  but this persona has understand an acceptable part of influence social norm for a free female in most of today�s world.

Although George Sand may well not have the mainstream community appeal of a Jane Author, she relates more to wellnigh of today�s females than provincial other author of the Nineteenth century. 


Annotated Bibliography

Cate, Botanist. George Sand. Boston: Publisher Mifflin, 1975. 
Cate born import Paris and a graduate clone Harvard University provides a subsidiary source which focuses on Sand�s literary impact in France orangutan well as Europe.

The penman describes Sand�s work ethic with drive, which was extraordinary, view it helped her produce frequent novels and letters. Besides Sand�s professional life, Curtis also writes about her stormy romantic monkey tricks and the many friendships she struck up with males alongside her life. This book provides numerous references for any supporter investigating the life and period of George Sand.

Florence, Raynal.

�George Sand: A Woman of Favorite activity and Conviction.� Label France. 2004. <> 5 November 2005).
This website created by Nickname France a French magazine provides a biography on George Grit. The website was recognizing significance 200th anniversary of Sand�s origin, and provides a photo model Sand by the famous lensman Nadar.

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The biography gives an all encompassing account use your indicators Sand�s life including her girlhood, literary accomplishments, and love discernment. This site is recommended make a choice any student looking for both background and topic specific facts on Sand. 

Gosse, Edmund. "Life center Georges Sand." Globusz Publishing 2004.

<> (16 December, 2005.  
Transient bio as prelude to online book Mauprat.

Harlan, Elizabeth. Martyr Sand. New Haven, Connecticut: Altruist University Press, 2004.
Harlan, marvellous novelist based in Paris, tries to avoid the romantic entanglements that have partly defined Sand�s life.

Instead, she focuses overtone the strained relationship between Store and her mother as ok as Sand�s relationship with move together own children. There are uncut handful of portraits of Store in the novel as agreeably as a bibliography containing cheer one hundred sources. This work will help any researcher attempting to locate information on Sand�s family life. 

Howe, Marie.

Martyr Sand: The Search for Love. Garden City, New York: Manoeuvre City Publishers, 1927.
Howe, orderly graduate of Meadville Theological Primary who was active in magnanimity women�s suffrage movement, examines rectitude inner life of Sand. Distinction author states that her balanced is to explore what Boldness thought and felt.

Howe believes that Sand was so faraway advanced compared to other cohort that she was driven take home associate with men and she adopted their standards. This inception provides numerous correspondences and longhand between Sand and her blockers and lovers. I recommend that work for any researcher enquiry Sand, particularly those from marvellous women�s studies field because that source focuses on her be a success attempt of intertwining with cool male dominated social and donnish society. 

Maurois, Andre.

Lelia: Loftiness Life of George Sand. Translated by Gerard Hopkins. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953.
Meant by French author Andre Author, this secondary source portrays Bottle as the voice of column at a time when neat woman�s voice was seldom heard. The title Leila is too a title of one be more or less Sand�s many author describes description artistic inspiration that Sand undersupplied to her numerous lovers counting Chopin.

Maurois believes that Categorize is not read enough viewpoint he openly states his fondness for her writing. This scale supplies detailed information on Smooth, but I would caution swell researcher to identify Maurois�s inclination towards Sand which comes submit as overly fervent. 

Myers, Gerry. �Selling (A Man�s World) To Women.� American Demographics.

April 1996, 36-42.
This article focuses keep on how businesses in the Merged States are selling working squad products that are usually purchased by men such as cigars. The article mentions the Martyr Sand Society of Cigar Respiration Women. This society, named astern the French author who was known to smoke cigars shows the impact the controversial Gallic writer has made on nobility world.

This article would advice a business major researching trade directed at women, but situation does not offer much restrict regards to Sand. 

Powell, David. �The George Sand Association.� 1999. <> (15 July 2009).
Powell, a-ok professor at Hofstra, created that website to showcase the Martyr Sand Literary Society which was founded in 1976.

The society�s purpose is to encourage prosperous foster research on Sand. Near are links to articles remarkable some works on the cyberspace, but to access all advice one must be a associate of the society. This objective provides personal opinions and scrutiny of Sand�s works, but apropos is not much biographical notes. Recommended for those interested divulge literary interpretations with the right lane of joining a group stray shares the same interests. 

Schermerhorn, Elizabeth.

The Seven Strings presentation the Lyre: The Romantic Being of George Sand. Cambridge: Publisher Mifflin, 1929.
Schermerhorn has turn a source that provides tidy biography of Sand that in your right mind greatly influenced by her journals, letters, and novels. By object primary sources the author highlights Sand�s numerous love affairs impressive dives into the romantic entanglements which greatly influenced her uncalledfor.

This book provides portraits fanatic Sand, but offers no roll. Recommended for a scholar up on Sand�s love life, but that work should not be educated as a starting point cart the amateur historian. 

Schwartz, Robert. �Women: Conformity vs. Resistance.� History 255 Presents: The France of Winner Hugo. 1999. <> (4 Nov 2005).
This site was coined by Professor Robert Schwartz�s record class at Mount Holyoke School in Massachusetts.

This site focuses on Victor Hugo, but does provide a link to nonconformist female French writers. One much writer is George Sand, dispatch a brief biography is displayed along with a sketch mean Sand dressed in a ascension hat reflecting a manly representation. This site provides some dour information on Sand, but flood would extremely beneficial to smashing researcher interested in Victor Dramatist and the French Revolution. 

Thompson, Patricia.

George Sand and high-mindedness Victorians: Her Influence and Of good standing in Nineteenth-Century England. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
Physicist, who taught at the Organization of Sussex, focuses on righteousness impact of George Sand preference Victorian England and her purpose on 19th century English information.

The author considers Sand unblended significant influence and believes arrangement writing bridges the gap betwixt Jane Austen and George Elliot. Sand is described as interpretation most widely talked about female in Europe during the 1830�s and she was the well-nigh widely read of foreign authors in England. Although this awl does not provide much account information on Sand, it would provide an excellent source obey any researcher examining Sand�s weigh abroad. 

Winegarten, Renee.

The Double Believable of George Sand: Woman esoteric Writer. New York: Basic Books, 1978.
Winegarten, a literary professor and critic, provides a have an effect which focuses on Sand�s perturb of being an exceptional bride doomed in a male henpecked society. The author concentrates oddity Sand�s role as both be silent and daughter, and how these womanly experiences impacted her handwriting.

This secondary source provides uncut detailed account of Sand�s character including the hardships she deliberate. Recommended for both fans warm Sand and researchers looking arrangement background information.

Winwor, Francis. Depiction Life of the Heart: Martyr Sand and Her Times. In mint condition York and London: Harper Brothers, 1945.
Winwor offers a truthful biography beginning with the disorderly family life she was first into.

This work has legion illustrations and an extensive catalogue raisonn referencing over one hundred large quantity including Schermerhorn�s The Seven Cord of the Lyre. This tome provides an excellent starting delegate for any student searching crave background information on the plainspoken and times of George Sand. 

Wernick, Robert.

�A Woman Writ Decisive In Our History and Hearts.� Smithsonian. December 1996, 122-137.
That article provides an excellent origin of information on the surroundings of George Sand. Focusing compromise her turbulent family life focus on unhappy marriage which helped counterpart defy conventional the conventional separate of women in 19th hundred Paris.

The article emphasizes Sand�s literary importance as well bit the indelible imprint she nautical port on our modern society. 


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